viernes, 9 de octubre de 2009

Actividad Final

Texto en Inglés:

Albert EinsteinThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1921
Biography


Albert Einstein was born at Ulm, in Württemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879. Six weeks later the family moved to Munich, where he later on began his schooling at the Luitpold Gymnasium. Later, they moved to Italy and Albert continued his education at Aarau, Switzerland and in 1896 he entered the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich to be trained as a teacher in physics and mathematics. In 1901, the year he gained his diploma, he acquired Swiss citizenship and, as he was unable to find a teaching post, he accepted a position as technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office. In 1905 he obtained his doctor's degree.
During his stay at the Patent Office, and in his spare time, he produced much of his remarkable work and in 1908 he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne. In 1909 he became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in 1911 Professor of Theoretical Physics at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post. In 1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and Professor in the University of Berlin. He became a German citizen in 1914 and remained in Berlin until 1933 when he renounced his citizenship for political reasons and emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical Physics at Princeton. He became a United States citizen in 1940 and retired from his post in 1945.


After World War II, Einstein was a leading figure in the World Government Movement, he was offered the Presidency of the State of Israel, which he declined, and he collaborated with Dr. Chaim Weizmann in establishing the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.


Einstein always appeared to have a clear view of the problems of physics and the determination to solve them. He had a strategy of his own and was able to visualize the main stages on the way to his goal. He regarded his major achievements as mere stepping-stones for the next advance.


At the start of his scientific work, Einstein realized the inadequacies of Newtonian mechanics and his special theory of relativity stemmed from an attempt to reconcile the laws of mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. He dealt with classical problems of statistical mechanics and problems in which they were merged with quantum theory: this led to an explanation of the Brownian movement of molecules. He investigated the thermal properties of light with a low radiation density and his observations laid the foundation of the photon theory of light.


In his early days in Berlin, Einstein postulated that the correct interpretation of the special theory of relativity must also furnish a theory of gravitation and in 1916 he published his paper on the general theory of relativity. During this time he also contributed to the problems of the theory of radiation and statistical mechanics.


In the 1920's, Einstein embarked on the construction of unified field theories, although he continued to work on the probabilistic interpretation of quantum theory, and he persevered with this work in America. He contributed to statistical mechanics by his development of the quantum theory of a monatomic gas and he has also accomplished valuable work in connection with atomic transition probabilities and relativistic cosmology.


After his retirement he continued to work towards the unification of the basic concepts of physics, taking the opposite approach, geometrisation, to the majority of physicists.


Einstein's researches are, of course, well chronicled and his more important works include Special Theory of Relativity (1905), Relativity (English translations, 1920 and 1950), General Theory of Relativity (1916), Investigations on Theory of Brownian Movement (1926), and The Evolution of Physics (1938). Among his non-scientific works, About Zionism (1930), Why War? (1933), My Philosophy (1934), and Out of My Later Years (1950) are perhaps the most important.


Albert Einstein received honorary doctorate degrees in science, medicine and philosophy from many European and American universities. During the 1920's he lectured in Europe, America and the Far East and he was awarded Fellowships or Memberships of all the leading scientific academies throughout the world. He gained numerous awards in recognition of his work, including the Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London in 1925, and the Franklin Medal of the Franklin Institute in 1935.


Einstein's gifts inevitably resulted in his dwelling much in intellectual solitude and, for relaxation, music played an important part in his life. He married Mileva Maric in 1903 and they had a daughter and two sons; their marriage was dissolved in 1919 and in the same year he married his cousin, Elsa Löwenthal, who died in 1936. He died on April 18, 1955 at Princeton, New Jersey.


Aproximación al texto
Albert Einstein nació en Ulm, en Württemberg, Alemania, el 14 de marzo de 1879. Seis semanas más tarde la familia se trasladó a Munich, donde más tarde comenzó sus estudios en el Gymnasium Luitpold. Más tarde, se trasladaron a Italia y Albert continuó su educación en Aarau, Suiza y en 1896 ingresó en la Escuela Politécnica Federal de Suiza en Zurich para ser entrenado como un profesor de física y matemáticas. En 1901, año en que obtuvo su diploma, adquirió la ciudadanía suiza y, como él era incapaz de encontrar un puesto de profesor, él aceptó una posición como asistente técnico en la Oficina Suiza de Patentes. En 1905 obtuvo su título de doctor.


Durante su estancia en la Oficina de Patentes, y en su tiempo libre, produjo gran parte de su notable trabajo, y en 1908 fue nombrado Profesor universitario en Berna. En 1909 fue nombrado Profesor Extraordinario en Zurich, en 1911, profesor de Física Teórica en Praga, volviendo a Zurich en el año siguiente para ocupar un puesto similar. En 1914 fue nombrado Director de la Física Kaiser Wilhelm Institute y profesor en la Universidad de Berlín. Se convirtió en un ciudadano alemán en 1914 y permaneció en Berlín hasta 1933, cuando renunció a su ciudadanía por razones políticas y emigró a Estados Unidos a adoptar la posición de Profesor de Física Teórica en Princeton. Se convirtió en ciudadano de los Estados Unidos en 1940 y se retiró de su cargo en 1945.


Después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, Einstein fue una figura destacada en el Movimiento Mundial de Gobierno, se le ofreció la Presidencia del Estado de Israel, que él rechazó, y colaboró con el Dr. Chaim Weizmann en el establecimiento de la Universidad Hebrea de Jerusalén.


Einstein siempre parecía tener una visión clara de los problemas de la física y la determinación de resolverlos. Tenía una estrategia propia y fue capaz de visualizar las principales etapas en el camino hacia su meta. Se considera sus principales logros como peldaños para próximos descubrimientos.


Al comienzo de su trabajo científico, Einstein se dio cuenta de las deficiencias de la mecánica de Newton y su teoría de la relatividad especial surgió de un intento de reconciliar las leyes de la mecánica de las leyes del campo electromagnético. Se ocupó de los problemas clásicos de la mecánica estadística y los problemas en que se fusionaron con la teoría cuántica: esto condujo a una explicación del movimiento browniano de las moléculas. Se investigaron las propiedades térmicas de la luz con una densidad baja a la radiación y sus observaciones se sentaron las bases de la teoría del fotón de la luz.


En sus primeros años en Berlín, Einstein postuló que la correcta interpretación de la teoría de la relatividad especial también debe proporcionar una teoría de la gravitación y en 1916 publicó su artículo sobre la teoría de la relatividad general. Durante este tiempo también contribuyó a los problemas de la teoría de la radiación y la mecánica estadística.


En la década de 1920, Einstein se embarcó en la construcción de teorías del campo unificado, aunque él siguió trabajando en la interpretación probabilística de la teoría cuántica, y él perseveró con este trabajo en América. Contribuyó a la mecánica estadística de su desarrollo de la teoría cuántica de un gas monoatómico y también ha realizado una valiosa labor en relación con las probabilidades de transición atómica y de la cosmología relativista.


Después de su retiro continuó trabajando en la unificación de los conceptos básicos de la física, tomando el enfoque opuesto, geometrización, en la mayoría de los físicos.


Las investigaciones de Einstein, son, por supuesto, también la crónica y sus obras más importantes son Teoría de la Relatividad Especial (1905), Relatividad (Traducciones de Inglés, 1920 y 1950), Teoría de la Relatividad (1916), Las investigaciones sobre la teoría de movimiento browniano (1926), y La evolución de la Física (1938). Entre sus obras no científicas, Sobre el sionismo (1930), ¿Por qué la guerra? (1933), Mi Filosofía (1934), y Out of My Years Later (1950) son quizás los más importantes.


Albert Einstein recibió el doctorado honoris causa en la ciencia, la medicina y la filosofía de muchas universidades europeas y americanas. Durante la década de 1920 dio una conferencia en Europa, América y el Lejano Oriente y se le concedieron becas de las membresías de todas las principales academias científicas de todo el mundo. Obtuvo numerosos premios en reconocimiento a su trabajo, incluyendo la Medalla Copley de la Royal Society de Londres en 1925, y la Medalla Franklin del Instituto Franklin en 1935.


Los regalos de Einstein le condujeron inevitablemente a vivr mucho en la soledad intelectual y, para la relajación, la música jugó un papel importante en su vida. Se casó con Mileva Maric en 1903 y tuvieron una hija y dos hijos, su matrimonio se disolvió en 1919 y en el mismo año se casó con su prima Elsa Löwenthal, quien murió en 1936. Murió el 18 de abril de 1955 en Princeton, Nueva Jersey.


I. Categorías Lexicales:


Sustantivos: Albert Einstein-Germany-Teacher-Professor-University-America.


Verbos: Moved-Continued-Produced-Remained-Realized-Contributed-Published.


Adjetivos: Spare-Remarkable-Extraordinary-Scientific.


Adverbios: Early-Inevitably.


Artículos Definidos: A


Artículos Indefinidos: The


Preposiciones: On-At-In-To-Of-For-From-After-By.


Conjunciones: And-Or-Although.


Adjetivos Demostrativos: This-That.


Prefijos: Unable-Citizenship-Inadequacies-Memberships.


Sufijos: Valuable-Movement-Statistical-Physical-Leading.


Cognados Verdaderos: Assistant-Office-University-Mechanics.


Cognados Falsos: Course-Appoint.


Derivaciones de una misma palabra: Proper---Property


Academy---Academies


Connect---Connection




II. Estructura de la Oración


Oración del Texto


During this time he also contributed to the problems of the theory of radiation and statistical mechanics.


Frase Nominal
Núcleo de la Frase Nominal
Frase Verbal
Núcleo de la Frase Verbal
Tiempo Verbal: Pasado Simple
Premodificadores: During this
Postmodificadores: He also
Voz Activa: He also contributed to the problems.
Voz Pasiva ---------
Verbos Modales: to

III. Estrategias de Lectura

Predicción: Después de haber observado el artículo, leído el título y encabezados principales, así como también la imagen, se puede decir, que éste es una biografía; ya que se observa la foto del personaje, su nombre (Albert Einstein) y la información que indica que ganó un premio Nobel.

Deducción: Se observan una gran cantidad de cognados verdaderos como por ejemplo: Theory of Relativity, mechanics, molecules, radiation, etc. Asimismo, me fue de gran utilidad los conocimientos adquiridos sobre este gran investigador en la etapa de bachillerato (asignatura física). Todo esto facilitó la comprensión de la lectura y la deducción de significados de vocablos desconocidos.

Skimming:

Albert Einstein was born at Ulm, in Württemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879. Six weeks later the family moved to Munich, where he later on began his schooling at the Luitpold Gymnasium. Later, they moved to Italy and Albert continued his education at Aarau, Switzerland and in 1896 he entered the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich to be trained as a teacher in physics and mathematics. In 1901, the year he gained his diploma, he acquired Swiss citizenship and, as he was unable to find a teaching post, he accepted a position as technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office. In 1905 he obtained his doctor's degree. (Primer Párrafo)

During his stay at the Patent Office, and in his spare time, he produced much of his remarkable work and in 1908 he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne.

After World War II, Einstein was a leading figure in the World Government Movement, he was offered the Presidency of the State of Israel, which he declined, and he collaborated with Dr. Chaim Weizmann in establishing the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.Einstein always appeared to have a clear view of the problems of physics and the determination to solve them.

At the start of his scientific work, Einstein realized the inadequacies of Newtonian mechanics and his special theory of relativity stemmed from an attempt to reconcile the laws of mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field.

In his early days in Berlin, Einstein postulated that the correct interpretation of the special theory of relativity must also furnish a theory of gravitation and in 1916 he published his paper on the general theory of relativity.

In the 1920's, Einstein embarked on the construction of unified field theories, although he continued to work on the probabilistic interpretation of quantum theory, and he persevered with this work in America.

After his retirement he continued to work towards the unification of the basic concepts of physics, taking the opposite approach, geometrisation, to the majority of physicists.

Albert Einstein received honorary doctorate degrees in science, medicine and philosophy from many European and American universities.

Einstein's gifts inevitably resulted in his dwelling much in intellectual solitude and, for relaxation, music played an important part in his life. He married Mileva Maric in 1903 and they had a daughter and two sons; their marriage was dissolved in 1919 and in the same year he married his cousin, Elsa Löwenthal, who died in 1936. He died on April 18, 1955 at Princeton, New Jersey. (Último Párrafo)

Palabras Claves relacionadas con el título: Theory of relativity, observations, physics, scientific.

Palabras que se repiten: Theory, physics, scientific, professor, university, Einstein.

Palabras que se parecen al español: University, scientific, physic, professor, Europe, investigation, concepts.

Scanning:

  • The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921
  • Albert Einstein was born at Ulm in Württemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879.
  • Einstein always appeared to have a clear view of the problems of physics and the determination to solve them.
  • He died on April 18, 1955 at Princeton, New Jersey.

IV. Patrones de Organización de un párrafo

Definición: He dealt with classical problems of statistical mechanics and problems in which they were merged with quantum theory: this led to an explanation of the Brownian movement of molecules.

Marcadores de definición

Marcadores de tiempo:

  • March 14, 1879
  • In 1901
  • Until 1933
  • April 18, 1955

Marcadores de Secuencia: First, Later, During, After.

Patrón de Narración con Ordenamiento:

  • Until 1933
  • On March 14, 1879
  • Later, they moved to Italy
  • In 1916, he published his paper
  • He died on April 18, 1955

jueves, 8 de octubre de 2009

Patrones de Organización de un Párrafo (Actividad 5)




En este ejercicio se identificará una definición utilizando los marcadores de discurso, también se usarán los marcadores de frecuencia y tiempo para seguir un patrón de ordenamiento.


Texto a analizar

Television

Television (TV) is a widely used telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images, either monochromatic ("black and white") or color, usually accompanied by sound. "Television" may also refer specifically to a television set, television programming or television transmission.

Commercially available since the late 1930s, the television set has become a common communications receiver in homes, businesses and institutions, particularly as a source of entertainment and news.

History

In its early stages of development, television employed a combination of optical, mechanical and electronic technologies to capture, transmit and display a visual image. By the late 1920s, however, those employing only optical and electronic technologies were being explored. All modern television systems rely on the latter, although the knowledge gained from the work on mechanical-dependent systems was crucial in the development of fully electronic television.

The first time images were transmitted electrically were via early mechanical fax machines, including the pantelegraph, developed in the late 1800s. The concept of electrically-powered transmission of television images in motion, was first sketched in 1878 as the telephonoscope, shortly after the invention of the telephone. At the time, it was imagined by early science fiction authors, that someday that light could be transmitted over wires, as sounds were.

The idea of using scanning to transmit images was put to actual practical use in 1881 in the pantelegraph, through the use of a pendulum-based scanning mechanism. From this period forward, scanning in one form or another, has been used in nearly every image transmission technology to date, including television. This is the concept of "rasterization", the process of converting a visual image into a stream of electrical pulses.

Patrones de Organización de Párrafo a utilizar
Definiciones
Marcadores de discurso
Marcadores de secuencia
Marcadores de tiempo
Patrón de narración con ordenamiento de tiempo
Reflexión
Al utilizar los patrones de organización de párrafo se pudo observar el concepto de televisión siguiendo las instrucciones de secuencia u ordenamiento del tiempo.

Estrategias de Lectura (Actividad 4)

En este ejercicio se identificará por medio de estrategias de lectura (predicción, deducción, skimming y scanning), el contenido general del artículo para la comprensión del texto.

Artículo utilizado en esta actividad










Since its inception, the computer was used for the management of information and to make this possible had to be the association of images, sounds and videos, leading to the merging of these technologies which enabled the birth of what today called Multimedia.
Currently the society is presented as a group of people encouraged by the new technological trends and this is because people feel more attracted to the graphic, visual, this is a great way for students to show interest in what made and maintained in a continuous intellectual activity. Through the media the student may acquire more teaching knowledge through moving images, animated models, interactive simulations and other large quantities of applications that allow teach making virtually any process.
The advantages of using multimedia is that the student, provides new stimuli and promotes learning through trial and error, not just the media works with the students, also working with the teachers so that through it can facilitate their work by creating educational software, videos, among others in order to strengthen the education system.
Significantly, the media was not only to be applied in the educational field, even this was done so that can be implemented in any social context that relates to technology.
If you want to dig deeper into technology-related topic click on the link below MULTIMEDIA, there you will hear as this compound, its characteristics and types, is quite interesting, we recommend it.
We invite you to observe the following video, is on course in multimedia and communications technologies.

Personal
Sonia Jiménez, Angélica Castillo, Wendy Montilla y Milagro Salcedo. Sonia Jimenez, Angel Castillo, Wendy and Montilla Milagro Salcedo.
armed forces, UNEF, Venezuela, Lara State, which we decided to make this blog to provide ideas about how technology has impacted education today .


Estrategias de Lectura aplicadas al texto

1.- Predicción: Después de haber observado el artículo, leído el título y encabezados principales, así como también las imágenes, se puede inferir que éste se relaciona con la tecnología en la educación ya que se observa un aula de clase, elementos multimedia y estudiantes uinversitarios.
2.- Deducción: Se observan 3 cognados verdaderos en el título (IMPACT, TECHNOLOGY, EDUCATION). Asimismo, me fueron de gran utilidad los conocimientos previos adquiridos en las asignaturas de Introducción a la Computación y Fundamentos de Informática Educativa. De esta manera, se cohesionan las ayudas visuales antes descritas con los cognados del título y la lectura. También, se realizó la deducción del significado de vocablos desconocidos.
3.- Skimming: En esta estrategia de lectura se utilizó leer el primer y último párrafo, y la primera oración del resto de los párrafos. En base a esto se dedujo que:
  • PALABRAS CLAVES RELACIONADAS CON EL ARTÍCULO: Technology, Computer, Multimedia, Education.
  • PALABRAS QUE SE REPITEN: Technology, Computer, Multimedia, Education.
  • PALABRAS QUE SE PARECEN AL ESPAÑOL: Technology, Computer, Multimedia, Education, Group, Society, Presented, Videos, Sound, Images.

4.- Scanning: Se hizo una lectura rápida del texto y se seleccionó la siguiente información por considerarse clave:

  • The media as a tool in the process of teaching and learning.
  • How technology has impacted education today.
  • The advantages of using multimedia is that the students provides new stimuli and promotes learning through trial and error.
  • Sonia Jimenez, Angel Castillo, Wendy and Montilla Milagro Salcedo. We are a group of students of education of the Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica the armed forces, UNEF, Venezuela.
  • Thursday February 21, 2008.

Reflexión:

Éstas estrategias de lectura para la comprensión de un texto me ayudaron a desarrollar destrezas para lograr comprender de manera general un texto con dificultad ya que este se encuentra en otro idioma.

domingo, 4 de octubre de 2009

Estructura de la oracion (Actividad 3)


En este ejercicio se identificarán los elementos que conforman una oración como lo son: la frase nominal y la frase verbal; también trabajaremos con los tiempos verbales, e identificaremos los elementos referenciales (palabras o artículos que sustituyen palabras).


Lectura: Internet and Society

Internet has a deep impact in the work, the leisure and the knowledge worldwide. Thanks to the web, million persons have easy and immediate access to an extensive and diverse quantity of information in line.

Compared to the encyclopedias and to the traditional libraries, the web has allowed a sudden and extreme decentralization of the information and of the information. Some companies and individuals have adopted the use of the weblogs, which they use largely as diaries actualizables. Some commercial organizations encourage to his personnel to incorporate his areas of specialization in his sites, with the hope that they impress the visitors with expert knowledge and information free.

Internet has come to great part of the homes and of the companies of the rich countries, in this aspect a digital gap has been opened by the poor countries, in which the Internet penetration and the new technologies it is very limited for the persons.


Extraer 3 oraciones de la lectura

a.- Some companies and individuals have adopted the use of the weblogs, which they use largely as diaries actualizables.



  • Frase Nominal

  • Núcleo de la Frase Nominal: companies, individuals

  • Frase Verbal

  • Núcleo de la frase verbal: have adopted

  • Tiempo Verbal: Presente Perfecto

  • Premodificadores: some, and

  • Postmodificadores ---------

  • Tipo de voz: Voz Activa

  • Verbos Modales -----------

  • Conexión Referencial: they (pronombre personal)

  • Aproximación al texto de la oración: Algunas compañías e individuos han adoptado el uso de los weblogs, que se utilizan en gran parte como diarios actualizables.

b.- Thanks to the web, million persons have easy and immediate access to an extensive and diverse quantity of information in line.


  • Frase Nominal

  • Núcleo de la Frase Nominal: persons

  • Frase Verbal

  • Núcleo de la frase verbal: have

  • Tiempo Verbal: Presente Simple

  • Premodificadores: Thanks to the web, million

  • Postmodificadores -------------

  • Tipo de Voz: Voz activa

  • Verbos Modales: to

  • Conexión Refrencial ----------

  • Aproximación al texto de la oración: Gracias a la web, millones de personas tienen acceso fácil e inmediato a una cantidad extensa y diversa de información en línea.

c.- Compared to the encyclopedias and to the traditional libraries, the web has allowed a sudden and extreme decentralization of the information and of the information.


  • Frase Nominal

  • Núcleo de la Frase Nominal: web

  • Frase Verbal

  • Núcleo de la Frase Verbal: has allowed

  • Tiempo Verbal: Presente Perfecto

  • Premodificadores: Compared to the encyclopedias and to the traditional libraries, the

  • Postmodificadores -------------

  • Tipo de Voz: Voz activa

  • Verbos Modales: to

  • Conexión Referencial -----------

  • Aproximación al texto de la oración: Comparado a las enciclopedias y a las bibliotecas tradicionales, la web ha permitido una descentralización repentina y extrema de la información y de los datos.

Reflexión: Al identificar los elementos que conforman la oración se hizo más fácil la interpretación de las oraciones.